All persons listed as authors in the header of the submitted article must have made a real and significant contribution to the creation of the text (design, concept, planning, execution, interpretation of results).

A co-author of an article is anyone who wrote even a small part of it, made a creative contribution to its conception or layout, or participated in the design of the research. A person who performed administrative duties (e.g., the head of a research institution, a person obtaining research funds, a person collecting data or performing statistical calculations) is not considered a co-author. A consultant sharing their expertise also does not acquire the right to co-authorship.

The obligation to provide the names of all co-authors rests with the author submitting the article for publication (the corresponding author). The Editorial Office of the journal Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka / Security. Theory and Practice does not require a percentage of a co-author’s contribution.

The names of co-authors should be listed in order of their contribution to the article (starting with the greatest contribution) or (in the case of equal contribution) in alphabetical order. After review and a decision to accept the article, changing the order of co-authors’ names in the header, adding or removing a co-author is only possible if irregularities are detected, in accordance with the procedures recommended by COPE.

The editorial office corresponds (e.g., regarding corrections) only with the author designated as the corresponding author. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors approve the final form of the article after review and editing.

Other individuals who had an identifiable influence (not meeting the criteria for co-authorship) on the final form of the work (e.g., general mentoring) should be listed in the “Acknowledgements” section at the end of the article.

Only human can be an author and co-author of the article. See the AI Policy.

All co-authors of articles submit their own signed statement.

The author of the article undertakes to respond to reviews and editorial corrections within the deadline set by the Editorial Office and declares that, upon request, they will respond to any discussion or controversy.