The Editors of Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka / Security: Theory and Practice will consider retracting a publication if:

– they have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of major error (e.g. miscalculation), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation);
– it constitutes plagiarism that was not detected in the anti-plagiarism check before publication;
– the findings have previously been published elsewhere and lack proper attribution to previous sources or permission to republish;
– it is a case of redundant publication (undisclosed or excessive overlap of text with an author’s own previously published work;
– it contains copyrighted material or data used without authorisation for use;
– copyright has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (e.g., libel, privacy, personal data);
– it reports unethical research;
– was created with using generative artificial intelligence tools, in particular for generating the entire text or parts of the text, generating and modifying images, generating false or misleading citations or sources;
– the Author(s) failed to disclose a major conflict of interest that, in the view of the editors, would have unduly affected interpretations of the work or recommendations by editors and peer reviewers.

Each such case will be considered individually and thoroughly. The final decision to withdraw an article rests with the Editor-in-Chief.