BTiP 2023, nr 3 – Artykuł 4



Uwaga: Czasopismo zmieniło stronę internetową
Niniejsza strona ma charakter archiwalny i nie jest już aktualizowana. Od 2026 roku obowiązuje strona na platformie OJS: https://journals.uafm.edu.pl/stp. Aktualne zasady etyki, procedury recenzowania oraz formularz zgłoszeniowy dla autorów znajdują się wyłącznie pod nowym adresem. Prosimy nie przesyłać zgłoszeń na adresy e-mail redakcji. Artykuły przyjmowane są wyłącznie przez system OJS.

Attention: Journal has relocated
This website is strictly archival and is no longer updated. As of January 1, 2026, the official and sole website of the journal is the new OJS platform: https://journals.uafm.edu.pl/stp. Current publication ethics, peer-review policies, and submission guidelines are located exclusively at the new website. Submissions via email are no longer accepted – all manuscripts must be submitted solely through the OJS system.

The trade effects of the war in Ukraine from the European Union’s and – in particular – Poland’s perspective

Małgorzata Czermińska | Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University
ORCID 0000-0002-6935-1031

„Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka”, 3/2023, s. 57-79
DOI 10.48269/2451-0718-btip-2023-3-004
PDF: English

Abstract: The war in Ukraine is the third asymmetric shock that the European Union has experienced in the last two decades, after the 2008 financial and economic crisis, the following Eurozone crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although Russia’s and Ukraine’s shares in the global trade and production are relatively small, they are important suppliers of basic products, specifically food and energy. Therefore, the trade consequences of the war for the European Union, Ukraine’s important trading partner, deserve special attention. The war also disrupts trade relations between the EU and Russia. The EU’s direct trade sanctions are limited to specific sectors, such as oil, coal, arms, dual-use goods, as well as the aviation and space industry. However, financial sanctions, particularly the SWIFT ban imposed on seven Russian banks, increase the costs of commercial transactions considerably. This paper aims to present the trade effects of the war in Ukraine from the European Union’s, Member States’ and, in particular, Poland’s perspective. This refers not only to the trade creation and diversion effect, but also to changes in the structure of the EU’s trade regarding the main groups of goods. These effects will vary depending on direct trade links, dependence on Russian energy and susceptibility to rising energy prices. Given an extensive range of parties involved and issues covered by the research, this paper focuses only on the main aspects of the problem.
Key words: war in Ukraine, the European Union, embargo, trade, Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement